Abstract Data Types and Object-Oriented (basics)

Each programming paradigm has its own set of constructs and their use will shape the system you create.

The main OO concepts:

1. Abstraction – simplify a concept by ignoring unimportant details.
2. Encapsulation – allows to bundle data and functions into a self-contained object, so the other objects can interact with it through an exposed interface.
3. Decomposition – allows you to break up a whole problem into smaller, distinct parts.
4. Generalization – allows you to factor out conceptual commonalities.

Object-oriented refers to a system composed of objects. where each object is an instance of a class (the type of each object is its class). Objects may interact with each other through the use of their methods. The OO paradigm allows for inheritance among abstract data types (one abstract type can be declared an extension of another type).